国际商会：2023年贸易报告：一个分裂的世界（英文版）（24页）.pdf

1、2023 Trade report A fragmenting world April 2023|ICC 2023 Trade report:A fragmenting world|2 Please cite as:ICC(2023),ICC 2023 Trade report:A fragmenting world https:/iccwbo.org/news-publications/policies-reports/icc-2023-trade-report-a-fragmenting-world/.ICC 2023 This document,as well as any data a

2、nd map included herein,are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.April 2023|ICC 2023 Trade report:A fragmenting world|3 Table of contents Introduction.5 Main mes

3、sages.5 1.Trends in 2022:A trade rebound disrupted by multiple shocks.6 A.Merchandise trade.6 B.Trade in services.7 C.Globalisation and decoupling trends.8 2.Outlook for 2023:Trade growth will face strong headwinds.10 A.Merchandise trade.10 B.Services trade.11 3.Challenges ahead:Fragmentation is acc

4、elerating.12 A.Trade fragmentation.12 A.1.From globalisation to slowbalisation.12 A.2.The resurgence of protectionism and industrial policy.12 B.Digital fragmentation.15 C.Debt fragmentation.17 D.Payment fragmentation.17 E.Cost of geoeconomic fragmentation.20 References.21 List of figures Figure 1.N

5、ominal exports and imports growth.6 Figure 2.Energy,food and fertilisers prices index.7 Figure 3.Share of China in total imports vs.US imports from China in US$billion.8 Figure 4.Russias share in EU imports for selected products.9 Figure 5.Imports of goods from Russia.9 Figure 6.Investment in energy

6、 efficiency.11 Figure 7.Food export restrictions in 2022 by product.14 Figure 8.Countries share in main steps of the value chain.15 Figure 9.Central Bank Digital Currencies Status.18 Figure 10.World currency composition of foreign exchange reserves.19 Figure 11.Long-term output loss associated with