牛津经济研究院：机器人如何影响世界报告（英文版）（64页）.pdf

1、HOW ROBOTS CHANGE THE WORLD WHAT AUTOMATION REALLY MEANS FOR JOBS AND PRODUCTIVITY JUNE 2019 1 How Robots Change the World TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Executive summary Introduction What drives the robot rise? Three reasons for the robot surge The impact of robots on manufacturing jobs Global impacts

2、 Regional impacts The Robot Vulnerability Index United States Germany United Kingdom France Japan South Korea Australia The robotics dividend Reshaping the labour market Robots are coming to the service sector The future impact of robots on five key service industries Where service robots go from he

3、re How to respond to the rise of robots A framework for action Appendix: econometric analysis 3 4 11 13 16 19 19 22 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 37 40 43 49 51 53 56 Fieldwork Robotics trialling a robot raspberry harvesting system on a British farm, 2019. 3 How Robots Change the World FOREWORD: THE SH

4、ApE OF THINgS TO COmE Adrian Cooper CEO and Chief Economist Oxford Economics The robotics revolution is rapidly accelerating, as fast- paced technological advances in automation, engineering, energy storage, artificial intelligence, and machine learning converge. The result will transform the capabi

5、lities of robots and their ability to take over tasks once carried out by humans. The number of robots in use worldwide multiplied three-fold over the past two decades, to 2.25 million. Trends suggest the global stock of robots will multiply even faster in the next 20 years, reaching as many as 20 m

6、illion by 2030, with 14 million in China alone. The implications are immense, and the emerging challenges for governments and policy- makers are equally daunting in their scale. The rise of the robots will boost productivity and economic growth. It will lead, too, to the creation of new jobs in yet-