relatively quick to approve and subsequently cultivate GM cotton. In addition, some farmers had access to the GM seeds informally. In Brazil, for example, farmers imported GM seeds even before the Brazilian national regulatory gave their approval. Meanwhile, consumer hesitation and regulatory caution slowed the adoption of GM technologies in the United States, particularly in the case where the GM crops were meant PATs use sensors, satellite navigation, and data analytics to optimize farming operations. In general, there are three broad categories for PATs: (i) the data collection (sensors, satellite navigation), (i) the data processing and/or analysis (yield monitoring, soil mapping), and (i) the decision-making guidance (auto-steering tractors, variable-rate applications of fertilizers Farmers in Australia, Canada, Europe and the United States lead in the adoption of PATs.24 The US pioneered PATs in the 1980s, with adoption accelerating once global positioning systems (GPs) became widely available after 1983.25 Most of the technologies used were related to grid sampling, fertilizer mapping, and pH as well as yield measurement. Since the 2000s, (VRTs) to reduce the cost of managing their farms.26