manufacturing (in percentage growth rate) between 2015 and 2022 for each country group. renewable energy [22]. Nevertheless, despite this progress, China's high-income industrial economies, the group with the lowest CO2 High-income industrializing economies achieved a significant 26.5 per cent reduction in C02 intensity between 2015 and 2022. Despite this progress, they still recorded the highest levels of co, intensity. Nonetheless, their values are gradually converging toward those of middle-income industrializing economies, which hold the second- decline over the same period, the smallest improvement among all Due to China's dominant role in global manufacturing, its data is pre- the outsized influence of a single economy. While middle-income declines of 2.6 per cent and 1.2 per cent, respectively, between 2015 and 2022, low-income economies recorded the second-lowest CO2 emissions intensity at 0.34 kg per USD, reflecting both lower industrial activity and a less carbon-intensive production profile.