roughly 6 percentage points year on year, re- fecting growing diversification in global tradehas increased rapidly. According to the Global Trade Alert (GTA) database, the number of dis- ed 1,200 in 2024, which is much higher than the pre-pandemic annual average (over 200). In 2024, 28 new import bans and 58 export bans were announced worldwide. The WTO's In recent years, some countries have frequently trade valued at US$887.7 billion and US$276.7 billion respectively, both substantially higher than the US$337.1 billion and US$159.1 bil- their domestic industries, leading to a marked