input expenditures were flat in nominal terms, at $63 billion in both 2013 and 2023, while taxes from $3.1 billion in 2013 to $12.0 billion in 2023. on production doubled from $o.7 billion to $1.4 billion, still representing only a trivial share growth, the absolute level appears strikingly low Most surprisingly, capital income, as measured by the BEA, declined 55% from $9.8 billion to $4.5 billion. This is especially counter-intuitive recent years. In some individual years, a handful of reported capital investment over the same period. loT sensors are small, networked devices that continuously moni- tor conditions inside a warehouse-tracking temperature, humidity, equipment status, and the location of goods in real time. These sensitive products, such as food or pharmaceuticals, where envi- ronmental control is essential. By transmitting data to centralized systems, loT devices enable predictive maintenance, reduce spoil- age and downtime, and help ensure regulatory compliance. Com- pared to manual checks, they offer faster, more reliable insights and allow operators to respond proactively to emerging issues.