remained resilient in recent years. As presented in the corresponding snpu! aum dno uno uo au s! stun '' an jo jaud has outpaced overall GDP growth. Although IVA growth in this group slowed to 2.5 per cent in 2024, it is projected to rebound in 2025, surpassing the 5 per cent mark. However, as will be discussed later, utilities sectors rather than by manufacturing. combined mining and utilities sector, the former has consistently during the pre-CoviD-19 period, owing to a boom in mineral and mining commodities alongside a slowdown in manufacturing, it has widened again since then. Between 2020 and 2024, the manufactur- ing sector expanded at an average annual rate of 3.1 per cent, two percentage points higher than the growth rate of mining and utilities. This difference is expected to persist in 2025, with MVA projected to grow by 2.8 per cent, compared with only 0.80 per cent for mining and