Sources: Crippa M., Guizzardi D., Pagani F., Banja M., Muntean M., Schaaf, E., Quadrelli, R., Risquez Martin, A., Taghavi-Moharamli, P., Grassi, G., Rossi, S., Melo, J., Oom, D., Branco, A., Suarez Moreno, M., Sedano, F. San-Miguel, J., Manca, G., Pisoni, E., Pekar, F., GHG emissions of all world countries - JRC/IEA 2025 Report, Luxembourg, 2025, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/9816914, JRC143227; NDC commitment reported by StatLink 显ls https://stat.link/vodcle In addition to NDCs, about 130-150 countries have adopted voluntary low GHG emission development adopted a voluntary net zero carbon objective, while all other Southeast Asian countries have done so by 2050, 2060 (Indonesia) or 2065 (Thailand) (ADB, 2024). The main benefit of net zer0 commitments is to create decarbonisation paths, they reduce transition risk and signal that high-carbon assets will lose value over time. policies, such as emission targets, in combination with power-purchase agreements, feed-in tariffs, renewables targets, and complementary investments, are endorsed and implemented by governments. When climate targets are strongly and credibility endorsed, green FDl creates a source of private international In addition to external finance, mitigating GHG emissions requires a multifaceted approach encompassing Philippines is using a mix of market instruments, non-market instruments and other measures to mitigate deployment of market-based and non-market-based instruments will be critical to rein in carbon emissions. This is being analysed, discussed, and agreed with key stakeholders in the context of revising the country's