From 2006 to 2019, African port throughput grew by 26 percent, with Sub-Saharan Africa expanding ports handled 1.25 billion tonnes of cargo, 817 million of which were processed in Sub-Saharan The COVID-19 pandemic further exposed these vulnerabilities, causing Africa's port throughput to decline by eight percent in 2020 compared to a global decrease of only 3.8 percent. In 2021, African ports recorded 89,000 ship calls exceeding 1,000 gross tonnes, with 43,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa of global port calls, 55 percent involved passenger ships serving short-high-demand routes