in energy efficiency. BECCS, while less complex than DAC, requires integration with biomass supply chains, introducing operational risks tied to feedstock availability and transport logistics. such as the US, where incentives like 45Q and lower technical uncertainty, although its feedstock availability. ERW is straightforward to deploy but difficult to measure effectively, and agricultural policies, complicating scalability in regions with inconsistent regulations. ERW significantly, raising questions about its long- approvals, with substantial regional differences, deployment faces additional regulatory hurdles. pathway, trade-offs exist. Biochar offers lower technical risk and is readily deployable, but DAC potential, contingent on market and policy support. on immature technologies. Its scalability hinges