constraints. These dynamics are layered on top shock, but rather the interaction of powerful structural forces: demographic aging, rising unit costs of care delivery, and deepening workforce Globally, the number of To clarify the nature of this challenge, the be influenced by productivity improvements. Between 2025 and 2040, global healthcare $11.3 trillion. Of this increase, $2.7 trillion stems demand. According to the United Nations' World Population Prospects 2022,40 the number of The remaining $8.6 trillion, representing a 76% increase in expenditures, reflects rising health service costs that is, an increase in the real about 1.3 billion by 2040, up from roughly 850 million in 2025 — an increase of about 40%. to deliver a given episode of care. These cost By 2040, older adults will account for close to pressures are driven by care delivery models, labor 14% of the global population, compared with intensity, innovation complexity, and system design.