As this year's report takes a longer historical perspective on social resilience, it is useful to consider two structural rise of authoritarian regimes worldwide. These trends are distinct but increasingly interconnected. Higher global uncertainty can trigger diverse domestic responses, including the emergence of charismatic or strongman leadership styles promising stability or protection. In turn, political systems characterized by concentrated power or personalized leadership can reinforce polarization and institutional fragmentation, shaping the trajectory of social resilience across to the economy, policy and uncertainty across major economies, combined with information on tax-code expirations were previously associated with major shocks such as the 9/11 attacks or the Global Financial Crisis, today's baseline tensions, trade conflicts and political polarization, with one of the latest spikes occurring around the announcement of the "Liberation Day" tariffs in April 2025. since the early 2ooos, alongside a rise in various forms of autocratic governance. V-Dem classifies regimes based on indicators covering electoral integrity, civil liberties, rule of law and constraints on executive power. A particularly as an electoral autocracy, reflecting sustained declines in indicators such as media freedom, civil society autonomy and 4 Source: Baker, S., N. Bloom and S. Davis (2016), "Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593-1636, https://doi 5 Source: Coppedge, M.et al. (2024), Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Dataset v14, Varieties of Democracy Institute, University of Gothenburg, ht