The Korean government has recently updated its national renewables target, which aims to reach 100 GW of installed renewable capacity by 2030, a significant increase from its previous goal of around 70 Gw. Japan is also striving to increase renewables. The Mitsubishi Research Institute models with surplus renewable electricity. Al training jobs can take weeks to run. intermediate results for fault-tolerance. By leveraging this existing checkpoint mechanism, Al training jobs could be paused when the emissions intensity of the grid is high, to reduce emissions and costs. Additionally, parameters such as batch up to 75% with only moderate increases in overall training duration. protect privacy. Common examples include speech-to-text and optical character recognition. For a given Al model, regardless of whether the inference is completed in a data centre or on the end user's device, the same mathematical calculations are performed. Laptops and mobile phones use less energy than a typical server, although they are also less computationally powerful. In terms of efficiency, as a ratio of Al output to energy input, laptops and mobile phones typically use more power per calculation than servers. Data centres are highly optimised thanks to economies of scale. Virtualisation and multi-tenancy result in very high utilisation, which increases operational efficiency and amortises embedded emissions from hardware over more users. Mobile devices running off battery. Therefore, it is unlikely that shifting inference to an end device will reduce