Figure 16. Leading EU Member States in gross bio-heat production in 2023
was produced mainly from primary solid biofuels, renewable municipal waste, biogases, and other liquid biofuels. The top five Member States included Sweden, followed by Germany, Denmark, Finland and France. Primary solid biofuels were the dominant feedstock used for heat production in 10 of the 13 EU Member States shown. The only exceptions were Germany, the Netherlands and Italy where 5o% of heat production came from renewable municipal waste. Renewable municipal waste was used for heat production in all Member States represented, except for Lithuania, which according to the graph used only primary solid biofuels as feedstock. Biogases were used for heat production in half of the Member States represented: Germany, Denmark, Finland, France, Poland, Italy and the Czech Republic. Other liquid biofuels were used in negligible quantities, so they could