that list of innovations using Al, those relating to battery cathode and electrolyte hydrogen storage, electrolysis and fuel synthesis. technology is rapidly evolving beyond the existing lithium-ion batteries, expanding storage types can be useful for various applications, including longer-duration storage. With rapid technological advancement, Al can effectively support key operation optimisation. By facilitating automation, computational modeling and forecasting abilities, Al can tackle the long and complex process of developing innovative battery configurations and operation plans. As one of the biggest players in the industry, East Asia is a vibrant testbed for implementing Al in battery technology innovations, primarily by leading and Panasonic (Japan). Specifically regarding EV batteries, the ten largest manufacturers are all owned by either China, Korea 0r Japan. As of 2024, 71% of the top ten EV battery manufacturers were headquartered in China, followed by