In this section, the focus is on two specific types of post-purchase fraud: (1) first-party misuse, which we define as fraudulent or abusive behavior committed by a customer, after they receive a purchased product or service, and (2) refund / policy abuse, which we define as instances when a customer makes a transaction with a debit, credit, or prepaid card and uses cardholder dispute protections to receive an illegitimate refund. Both types of fraud have ranked among the top five most widespread, in terms of the shares of merchants experiencing them in recent years of our survey, and their continued prevalence, along with the significant costs and harms they incur, merit focused attention and investment from merchants. When we ask all survey respondents (both fraud and payment professionals) about the trend in first-party misuse (FPM) over the past year, most (64%) report a meaningful in contrast to 70% of non-MRC enterprises. survey, although merchants in North America continue to report a higher level of FPM (21%), more average cost to resolve each FPM dispute, which has risen steadily for two years, now. It currently sits at $82, exceeding the $80 mark for the first time ever in
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