expanded following Indonesia's accession in 2025, alongside the Euro- (RCEP), the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), and other groups, have emerged as key platforms for industrial coordi- nation and technological advancement. The contribution of selected economic blocs to global manufacturing output, as well as the compo- sition of this output by industries according to technological intensity, According to estimates for 2023, RCEP, the largest trade bloc in history 2022 for the first ratifying countries, leads this list of selected eco- nomic blocs with a manufacturing output exceeding 7.2 trillion USD, of which 56.1 per cent is attributed to MHT industries. This underscores RCEP's position as a global manufacturing powerhouse, integrating advanced industrial capabilities. USMCA follows with 2.6 trillion USD in MVA, with 47.8 per cent attributed to MHT industries, which reflects