above the threshold (90 percent public, 10 percent private, from insurers). However, uninsured farm- ers receive only partial and declining compensations: 45 percent in 2023, 40 percent in 2024, and 35 percent in 2025. This creates an incentive to insure. With the ISN/NSF established, the role of the National Solidarity Fund, loss layer > 50 Climate crop insurance, MCR and hail, loss e 'pabeueu s! pue sasso uosnpod awanxa siaor ssnansi :saton stuaunoop vsan snouea uo pasea anos budget; FNGRA covers extreme production losses on fixed assets for any catastrophic event and is managed by the Central Reinsurance Fund; it is financed from overhead premium on farmers' indemnity insurance contracts. The 2022 reform produced immediate effects. First, it led to a significant increase in farm insurance uptake in France, especially in fruit trees and fodder production, with higher coverage rates and insured capital for both elements that can be subsidized or not (deductible buyback, average yield buyback, qual- ity losses, etc.). The MCR coverage rate now includes 5.4 million hectares out of a total cultivated area of (2023), due to higher coverage rates, increased premium rates, and a lower compensation trigger thresh-