shortages of governance tools and means. localization, cross-border data flow, algorithm protection, and rules for personal information increased. The world is facing increasingly protection, leading to slow progress in multilat- severe common challenges in climate change, biodiversity, public health, and AI. However, as concerns differ among various parties, it is There are governance gaps in new frontiers. the global commons of cyberspace, deep sea, key areas. The first is the environment. Devel- space, and the poles, new governance issues target setting and division of responsibilities are constantly emerging. The inadequate gov- in terms of environmental protection, resulting in a growing dilemma of collective action. Theingly pronounced. On one hand, the concept of governance lags behind. Global commons second is public health. The fraught negotia- are public, non-exclusive and non-competitive. that there are differences on key issues such as and cannot be monopolized by any party. This pathogen acquisition and benefit sharing, intel- requires all parties concerned to replace their in vaccine and drug production, and the financ- ing mechanism. The third is AI governance. losophy. On the other hand, the role of the UN