Against this backdrop, Asian countries might not necessarily compete for the new hub-and-spoke configuration with China at the core. Indeed, the value the group. Relative functional specialization (RFS) is a measure that captures the extent to which a country specializes in specific functions along the value chain, including headquarter activities, R&D, production, logistics, and support services, have attracted investments concentrated in production activities, with Vietnam showing the highest specialization among the three. Notably, Malaysia shows greater balance between production, headquarters, and R&D investments, reflecting its deeper ecosystem beyond pure manufacturing. of engineering talent built over decades of electronics operations. engineering functions, far exceeding ViMl's average. This exhibits India's (STEM) talent and the growing presence of global capability centers, which are offshore or near-shore units established and typically wholly owned by an MNE.