including non-ferrous metals and industrial minerals, have also experi- enced considerable growth. These trends underscore the multifaceted roles that non-fuel minerals play across various sectors, ranging from infrastructure development to manufacturing. In 2023, the regional distribution of non-fuel minerals production, generated by industrial minerals, non-ferrous metals, and precious metals, despite their relatively modest volumes compared to iron and ferro-alloy metals. Asia leads the global landscape, with a total non- fuel mineral output value of 503.9 billion USD. Notably, non-ferrous metals alone account for nearly 39 per cent of this total, underscoring their strategic importance in electronics and manufacturing. Africa ranks second in overall output, showing significant contribu- tions from iron and ferro-alloy metals as well as precious metals. Latin America and the Caribbean, although slightly behind in total value, stands out for its strong specialization in non-ferrous metals, which USD. This reflects the region's vital role in supplying copper, aluminium,