enhanced advocacy → better understanding of. The first frame requires considerably more resources and knowledge/expertise to attain the objectives than the other three. experiences of the DMCs covered in this study, but also documented practices in other countries outside the study term expenditure framework, NGO = non-government organization, PASAl = Pacific Association of Supreme Audit Institutions, PIF = Pacific Island Forum, PPP = public-private partnerships, SOE = state-owned enterprise, UN = United Nations.