4.2 Mapping BESS offtake: A breakthrough year Great Britain recorded by far the largest volume of contracted BESS capacity in Europe. In total, 4.5 GW of standalone BESS were contracted under FPAs, primarily floor structures. Britain accounted for more than 75% of Europe's total FPA capacity in 2025. This increase in FPA activity was driven by large- Britain during the year, six involved assets with capacities exceeding 2oo Mw, with individual deals EU markets tell a different story. With market saturation yet to materially affect merchant revenues, asset owners have continued to favor merchant optimization arrangements. Projects are typically smaller than in Great Britain, supporting more equity-oriented capital structures. Even so, 2025 marked driven markets. In Germany, uncertainty over the continuation of the exemption from network charges case, prompting asset owners to opt for Flexible Connection Agreements that trade firm access for faster grid connections. In the Netherlands, where grid tariffs are among the highest in Europe, BESS projects have increasingly turned to time-dependent contracts with the TsO. Source: Pexapark BESS Deal Tracker (as of 05 January 2026). The data includes only publicly announced FPAs and merchant oiptimization agreements for standalone BEsS.