The uptake of different FPA structures has played out in varied ways across the key European markets. In GB, floors are by far the dominant structure. Ofthe 4.5 GW of FPAs with disclosed contract structures, a well-established track record of non-recourse project finance transactions, and a fully diversified standardization in the floor products offered to large-scale BEsS assets. utility demand for flexibility, nearly 230 MW of BEsS capacity was contracted under tolling agreements. in 2025, with Europe's first virtual tolls and the emergence of fully financial structures. These models combine contracted revenues with merchant upside, supported by strong arbitrage and ancillary