content, resulting in a framework for ITE programs. Ghana's National Teacher Education Curriculum is one such example, as summarized in Institute of Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL 2015), Darling- Hammond et al. (2022), and England's Department for Education (DfE In most countries, primary school teachers are expected to teach a wide range of subjects across the entire curriculum. They are often required to grade bands, such as lower or upper primary (Bruns and Luque 2015; Hardman et al. 201l; Pryor et al. 2012). As a result, it is essential that they Given the central role of foundational skills, primary school teachers must program, as well as the educational background of entrants (whether secondary school graduates or those with bachelor's degrees),