Using the Peruvian fleet classification (rather than length classes), the artisanal fleet greatly increased in number (an average increase of 110%) and GT (an average increase of 90%) between 2012 and 2022. Equally, vessel motorisation has increased substantially, representing 89% of the artisanal fleet in 2022, (De la Puente et al., 2020[24]; IMARPE, 2024[191]). is partly explained by formalisation processes carried out by the Peruvian government, making vessels and fishers previously operating informally visible in the statistics. Formalisation efforts aim to ensure that general characteristics of the vessel, including gear and capacity.* Because of this process, it is difficult to In 2022, total production from inland fisheries in Peru was 28 476 t, valued at USD 48 million. Between 2012 and 2022, inland fisheries production volume declined by 15%, with an average annual output of Source: OECD (2024[25), “Inland fisheries", OECD Data Explorer, https://stats.0ecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=FISH INLAND. Data are