wellbeing relationship over time. Additional analyses with a change from -0.15 to -0.19 among high-SES regional groups, except for the Nordic countries for groups is constant across regions, except for the Caucasus-Black Sea region, where we find larger life evaluation, and for the Caucasus-Black Sea SES gaps for life evaluation in 2022 than in 2018. Overall, the deterioration in adolescent wellbeing wellbeing across SES groups in 2018 and 2022. shift affecting all socioeconomic groups, rather than a reconfiguration of inequality. One plausible explanation is that the COVID-19 pandemic, which and 2022, indicating that SES gaps did not widen through this period. For psychological complaints,digital technologies through remote schooling, reduced face-to-face interaction, and expanded 0.14-0.15 in 2018 to around 0.16-0.17 in 2022, withonline leisure time. These changes may have quite similar increases for all SES groups. For life costs of PsMU for adolescents overall, without evaluation, the negative association with PSMU over time. We observe shifts from -0.18 in 2018 to -0.22 in 2022 among low-SES adolescents and from -0.16 to -0.20 for middle-SES adolescents, clustered at the school level and sampling weights applied. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Stars in the pink bar indicate statistically significant differences between middle-SES and low-SES within each year. Stars