(agricultural GDP per agricultural energy use). The analysis also considers interaction effects to capture the indirect impacts of energy efficiency. Third, the model accounts for regional heterogeneity by dividing APO member economies into two subregions: (1) Central and West Asia; and (2) South Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific, to examine differences in the energy-productivity relationship. This regional classification aligns with the framework established by the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science, and Technology for Development (IAASTD, 2009), which categorized global regions based on climate and crop characteristics. Furthermore, the relationship between energy efficiency and LP in the levels (Fei and Lin, 2016; Li et al., 2019) and each economy's industrial structure. Therefore, we relatively low energy-efficiency levels, and groups with high and low agricultural GDP contributions. Consequently, the economies under analysis are grouped into high- and low-energy- efficiency categories to examine this potential variation. comprehensive policy implications based on the empirical findings, to provide actionable insights agriculture in GDP (%) in 2021. On average, agriculture accounted for 11.0% of GDP across APO APO PRODUCTIVITY OUTLOOK 2026 | ENERGY EFFICIENCY, PRODUCTIVITY IMPACTS, AND COMPOSITE INDICATOR DEVELOPMENT | 39