Figure 1: Middle East selected labor demand (pre-conflict) Normalized to 2025 = 100, by discipline
(electricians, welders, pipefitters, etc.) comes from South Asia, especially India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. In Qatar, Indian labor. The conflict is already causing travel disruptions; should hostilities continue for regional labor market could be profound. and non-Gulf Arab states (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon). While Western expats fill some engineering roles, the proportion of Arab Saudi Arabia at 50-60%, despite a strong suppliers of SLB and Halliburton, there has