ramifications for economic growth and sovereign risk. In countries such as Czechia and Hungary, relatively weaker scores on institutional checks and balances, emphasize national sovereignty, cultural conservatism and skepticism toward supranational constraints (e.g. the EU). Italy and the US have seen repeated electoral "insiders" from globalization, migration and perceived elite capture, mirroring the frustration of segments of the income levels. Even in Japan, where political turnover is more contained and social cohesion relatively strong, low growth, demographic pressures and persistent concerns for a more assertive security posture more salient. These and trust, political demand for disruptive, populist or