percent of the affected area. Drought and hailstorms accounted for 45 percent and 25 percent of the failed areas, respectively. For hailstorms, as well as for floods and windstorms, the damage is usually limited and localized to specific regions. Sharp temperature fluctuations in early spring have particularly impacted on perennial stone fruits, nuts, seeds, rapeseed, and wheat. Climate change, globalization, and insufficiently adapted agricultural practices influence the spread of plant diseases, which increase plant vulnerability The livestock sector has also been hit by a resurgence of infectious diseases. Several widespread dis- ease types (African swine fever, lumpy skin disease in cattle) had never been reported in Bulgaria until the last decade, when they hit the animal industry and caused production, economic, financial, ecological, and social losses and constraints. An outbreak of African swine fever occurred in 2019-2020, a large-scale out- break of Bluetongue disease occurred in 2014, and there are frequent outbreaks of avian flu, among many other hazards for Bulgarian livestock. About one million animal deaths were estimated from 2019 to 2024. Disease persistence is expected due to intensive farming, climate fluctuations, and feed price volatility In the recent years, the Bulgarian agriculture has faced significant external shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions in global supply chains, and the situation in Ukraine. Current uncertainties about the multilateral trade system and relations are an additional source of risk. Since 2019, others, along with heightened uncertainty in agricultural and commodity markets. High production costs translated into sharp increases in the prices of agricultural output, which are visible in the 2021 and 2022 agricultural output values. followed by a drastic decline in 2023. agri-food sector. The former include: the decline of the working-age population and persistent de-popu- lation in rural areas, fragmentation of agricultural holdings, insufficient production diversification, tech- nological modernization and innovation. Macroeconomic trends, such as inflation, reduced purchasing power of the population, price volatility, and others, further amplify these vulnerabilities.